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保育者はどのような保育カンファレンスが
自己の専門的成長に繋がると捉えているのか

 中坪史典*　　秋田喜代美**　　増田時枝***
安見克夫****　　砂上史子*****　　箕輪潤子******

What Kind of Early Childhood Education and Care Conferences do Kindergarten Teachers Recognize
as Leading to their Professional Development?

 Fuminori NAKATSUBO　　Kiyomi AKITA　　Tokie MASUDA
Katsuo YASUMI　　Fumino SUNAGAMI　　Junko MINOWA

 The purpose of this study is following points. (1) We clarify some characteristics of the early childhood education and care conferences to lead to growth that the kindergarten teachers recognize. (2) We clarify how are these characteristics different by the duties of the kindergarten teachers recognize. The methodology is as follows. (1) We carried out the conferences among four kindergartens. (2) We made discourse records and sorted them “self-conclusion type” and “mutual shares type”. (3) 62 teachers choose one from four kindergartens and write the reasons following question. “Which conferences do you think to lead to your growth?” We clarified the following points. (1) Teachers who chose “self-conclusion type” thought that high quality of the utterance was connected for their growth. And teachers who chose “mutual shares type” thought that high quality of the discourse was connected for their growth. (2) The managerial class teachers made much account of relations supported each other. And the non-managerial class teachers made much account of thinking together and variety of contents.

 Key words: early childhood education and care conferences, kindergarten teachers, kindergarten teachers of the managerial class, discourse records, professional development

新入園児の他者受容的認識への変容：
4歳児の「他者に言及する発話」に着目して

 辻谷真知子*　　秋田喜代美*

How a Pre-school Child Adopts Others at the First Half Year of Kindergarten:
Focusing on “the Words that Refer to Others” of a Four-year-old Child

Machiko TSUJITANI　　Kiyomi AKITA

  This study focuses on the stereotypes that pre-school children grow based on their behavioral characteristics or character temperament, and how they adopt others. The focus is especially on the change from negative perspectives to positive perspectives, and children’s desire to form relationships with others. To explore these, a four-year-old girl in kindergarten was observed for the first half year. The girl’s statements that referred to other children were analyzed based on two points: (1) the perspectives against the other (categorized as positive/negative/other) and (2) the relation­ship correlations told by the girl (categorized as related to herself or unrelated). Subsequently, the episode-notes were analyzed. Results indicated that in the development process of the girl, “the reduction of anxiety”, “the joyful relationship with another who was seen as negative”, and “the development of a relationship in which the child could assert herself with ease” played a significant role. Finally, results suggested that observing others interact with the target child and receiving a positive approach from the teacher have substantial meaning the child.

  Key words: stereotype, others, perspectives, adopt, relationship

香港統制バウチャー制による就学前教育市場の変容

 ?雨軒*

The Change within Preschool in HongKong—due to Control-regulation Voucher System

Yuxuan GONG

 Hong Kong government paid little attention on preschool before 1997. Moreover, as all kindergartens are privately run, the market inclined to focus too much on handwriting even during pre-primary education. However, after returning to mainland from 1997, there is big revolution occurred in this sector. In 2000, Quality Assurance was applied to preschool sector, continually, for giving much more incentives, Quality Assurance was in combine with voucher system from 2007. This control-regulation voucher system (Quality Assurance+voucher system) shows us a brand new possibility in improving the quality in pre-education sector.
Firstly, this paper stands on nishimura’s shoulder, criticizes the deficiency of nishimura’s opinion. As nishimura mentioned, due to the governance into preschool market, diversity from the privately run free market will be obstructed, instead, the preschool market tend to be standardized, holistically speaking, astringency was shew in the preschool market. But after analyzing the data, this paper discussed that even with governance in voucher system, the diversity can still be kept. And exactly because of the balance between governance and market within voucher system, balance between standardization and diversity could find the way to maintain.

  Key words: voucher system, Hong Kong pre-school, Quality Assurance, control-regulation, standardized and diversified

幼稚園保姆無試験検定に関する研究
―幼稚園令制定以前を中心に―

佐野友恵*

A Study on the Official Certification System without Examination, for Kindergarten Teachers

Tomoe SANOI

 The purpose of this study is to show how the Kindergarten Teachers’ Official Certification System without examination had established. When kindergartens subsequently began to increase in number, kindergarten teachers were required to have an elementary school teaching license. But because the social status of kindergarten teachers was lower than elementary school teachers and their compensation was worse, there were few elementary school teachers who wished to become kindergarten teachers. So, it is important to make the Official Certification System without examination, for kindergarten teachers. In this paper, I gave an outline of the Official Certification System without examination, for kindergarten teachers before enactment of the Ordinance Relating Kindergarten in 1926. Main findings are following: The criteria of examination Official Certification System without examination and the chartering of kindergarten teachers’ training course are based on the elementary school teacher’s one.

  Key words: certificate examination system, Official Certification System without examination, kindergarten teachers, kindergarten teacher training