日韓幼児教育の歴史的関係

李　相琴

The Historical Relations of Early Childhood Education
Between Korea and Japan

Sang Keum Lee

This study focuses on the influences of Japanese early childhood education - - its system, and form as well as content and method - - on the development of Korean early childhood education. 
Korea was under the influences of Japan not only before the Second World War, the period of colonization , but also after the War, and only since the late seventies. 
Korea has been capable of on independent development. This study can be summarized as follows: 
l . In the year 1897, the Pusan private kindergarten which opened exclusive]y for Japanese children gave an example of formal education for young children. 
2 . Before the war, the teachers who had studied in Japan adapted Japanese style early childhood education methods focusing on rhythm and dance. 
3. Under the Korean government established after the war, law systems and kindergarten curriculum were similar to those of Japan as references. 
4 . Since 1979, kindergarten curriculams in Korea has been capable of independent development. The revised kindergarten curriculams in the nineties show their particularities compared to those of Japan also revised at almost the same time. 
5. Korea has adapted the Japanese dual system of kindergarten and day care to institutionalize it . 

Key Words : kindergarten curriculum. dual system kindergarten and day care.

幼児期の平和教育

-その構造･現状･課題-

藤井　敏彦

Peace education in early childhood 
-its structure, present condition and tasks-

Toshihiko Fujii

The aim of this article is to clarify the meaning and role of peace education in early childhood. To attain this aim the historical background and present condition must be made clear.
The history of mankind has been a history of wars. Therefore peace education itself has been neglected in the main stream of the history of education. However the onset of the nuclear age opened the door to peace education on a global scale.The experiences of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the starting points of peace education in the new era . It was guite natural that the succession of atomic bomb experiences to the younger generation and to all people in the world should become the main stream of peace movement and peace education movement. 
From this standpoint , an attempt has been made to clarify the curriculum principle for peace education. Here,the curriculum content is devided into two kinds of peace education : direct peace education and indirect peace education. The content of peace education depends upon the definition of peace(ex.negative peace or positive peace) .Generally speaking, in order to develop peace education in ear]y childhood , the cognitive structure of infants must be studied more scientifically, This is one of the most important tasks for the future. 

Key Words : Hiroshima . Peace education in early childhood. Indirect peace education. Direct peace education. Cognitive structure of infants. Positive peace. Negative peace.

幼児教育における大正期芸術教育運動の展開

-倉橋惣三と『コドモノクニ』を軸として-

田中　まさ子

Art Education Movement in Taisho Era and Early Childhood Education 
Through Kurahashi's Viewpoint

Masako Tanaka

With the Taisho Democracy era of the early 1900s, the Art Education Movement gained force. Affected by Art Education, Kodomo no Kuni (Children's Land) , a picture magazine for young children, was started. The chief editor was Sozo Kurahashi . The author's theory is that Kurahashi's viewpoints were relevant in the movement to establish early childhood education. Two conclusions were found : (1) Kurahashi appreciated the movement and approved its educative value. (2) On the other hand, he took a critical attitude toward the tendency to a sentiment-centered focus in the movement . 

Key Words : art education movement . Sozo Kurahashi. Kodomo no kuni .

幼児理解を促進するための

教師教育プログラムの開発と試行

-プリサービス段階を中心として-

志賀　智江

The Development and Evaluation of the Junior College Teacher Education Program :
focus on the Pre-Service Level.

Tomoe Shiga

A close look at Japan's pre-school education programs reveals that the majority of the pre-school teachers are graduates of junior colleges. The writer has analyzed the problems resultant from this situation and developed a means to address them by instituting "The Program to Promote the Understand of Young Children." This approach focuses on the key elements necessary to understand young children through the establishment of a five year program entitled "The Two Year Junior College Pre-Service/Three Year In-Service Training Program" which allows for an adequate development of skills necessary for good kindergarten teaching.
This program utilizes techniques such as simulation execises, role playing and audio-Video presentations. Through the utilization of this integrated curriculum the pre-school teacher is able to both understand young children and adopt appropriate teaching techniques to meet their special needs. 

Key Words : teacher education. understanding children. simulation. pre-service training. in-service training.

幼児の呼吸機能と運動能力について

原田　昭子

Pulmonary Function and Motor Ability in Infants

Akiko Harada

As a result of both the natural and man-made changes occuring to the environment, the physical and mental development of infants have gradually become aberrant . It is important to assess these developments in order to recommend remedial procedures to alleviate the negative effects of such changes. These developments can be assessed by numerical value through the use of fitness and strength tests . The motor ability test has a correlation with the results of a pulmonary function test. When correlated, the results of the pulmonary function test are, in fact, more acutely observable. This demonstrates a correlation between infant motor ability and maximum respiratory capacity. The motor ability test also corresponds to the change shown in the one second V .C. ratio. Furthermore, the D group infants showed low motor ability.

Key Words : Pulmonary Function. Maximum Respiratory Capacity. One Second V . C . Ratio. Motor Ability. Infants.

幼児の視点の発達に関わる要因

-兄弟と家庭でのしつけを中心として-

菅原　創

Factors underlying the development of young children's points of view 
-With emphasis on siblings and the style of child-rearing -

Hajime Sugawara

This study is concerned with factors underlying the development of young children's "points of view . " In this paper, "points of view" refers not to perception of objects but persons. Piaget used the word "reciprocity" to describe the stage at which young children begin to do things in consideration of others' will. This study is based on consideration of this point of view. Data were obtained on the number of siblings and the style of child-rearing. As a result, it is found that children who have siblings exhibit a greaten tendency toward reciprocity than only children. In addition, having parents point out the will or feelings of others encourages the tendency toward
reciprocity . 

Key Words : point of view. reciprocity.